Statista. (2022). U.S. Population Social Media Penetration 2021. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/273476/percentage-of-us-population-with-a-social-network-profile/
Zhao, Y. (2020). Social Learning and Learning to Be Social: From Online Instruction to Online Education. American Journal of Education, 127(1), 137–142. https://doi.org/10.1086/711017
Yadav, A., Hambrusch, S., Korb, T., & Gretter, S. (2013). Professional Development for CS Teachers: A Framework and Its Implementation. Future Directions in Computing Education Summit, Orlando, FL. https://stacks.stanford.edu/file/druid:mn485tg1952/YadavAmanPurdue.pdf
Wynn, T. (2012, December). Fire Good. Make Human Inspiration Happen. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/fire-good-make-human-inspiration-happen-132494650/
Wu, X., Zhu, X., Wu, G.-Q., & Ding, W. (2014). Data Mining with Big Data. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 26(1), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1109/TKDE.2013.109
Wilhelm, A. G., Chen, I.-C., Smith, T. M., & Frank, K. A. (2016). Selecting Expertise in Context: Middle School Mathematics Teachers’ Selection of New Sources of Instructional Advice. American Educational Research Journal, 53(3), 456–491. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831216637351
Wellman, B., Haase, A. Q., Witte, J., & Hampton, K. (2001). Does the Internet Increase, Decrease, or Supplement Social Capital?: Social Networks, Participation, and Community Commitment. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 436–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027640121957286
Van Dam, A. (2019, February 26). Working Parents Are an Endangered Species. That’s Why Democrats Are Talking Child Care. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2019/02/26/working-parents-are-an-endangered-species-thats-why-democrats-are-talking-child-care/
U.S. Department of Education. (2016). The State of Racial Diversity in the Educator Workforce. In Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development, US Department of Education. Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development, US Department of Education. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED571989
Twitter, Inc. (n.d.). Twitter API for Academic Research. Twitter Developer Platform. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://developer.twitter.com/en/products/twitter-api/academic-research
Turner, C., Nadworny, E., & Adame, D. (Directors). (2020, April 13). “There’s a Huge Disparity”: What Teaching Looks Like During Coronavirus. In KCUR 89.3—NPR in Kansas City. https://www.kcur.org/2020-04-13/theres-a-huge-disparity-what-teaching-looks-like-during-coronavirus
Trust, T., Krutka, D. G., & Carpenter, J. P. (2016). “Together We Are Better”: Professional Learning Networks for Teachers. Computers & Education, 102, 15–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.06.007
Torphy Knake, K. T., Karimi, H., Hu, S., Frank, K. A., & Tang, J. (2021). Educational Research in the Twenty-First Century: Leveraging Big Data to Explore Teachers’ Professional Behavior and Educational Resources Accessed within Pinterest. The Elementary School Journal, 122(1), 86–111. https://doi.org/10.1086/715482
Torphy Knake, K. T., Hu, S., & Liu, Y. (2021, April 9). The Influence of Lesson Planning as Evidenced in Social Media on Elementary Mathematics Teachers’ Instruction [Virtual]. AERA Annual Meeting.
Torphy, K. T., Liu, Y., Hu, S., & Chen, Z. (2020). Sources of Professional Support: Patterns of Teachers’ Curation of Instructional Resources in Social Media. American Journal of Education, 127(1), 13–47. https://doi.org/10.1086/711008
Torphy, K. T., Hu, S., Liu, Y., & Chen, Z. (2020). Teachers Turning to Teachers: Teacherpreneurial Behaviors in Social Media. American Journal of Education, 127(1), 49–76. https://doi.org/10.1086/711012
Torphy Knake, K. T., Daly, A. J., Frank, K. A., Rehm, M., & Greenhow, C. (2021). Educators Meet the Fifth Estate: Social Media in Education: Elementary School Journal Special Issue. The Elementary School Journal, 122(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1086/715479
Torphy Knake, K. T., Chen, Z., Yang, X., & Tait, J. (2021). Pinterest Curation and Student Achievement: The Effects of Elementary Mathematics Resources on Students’ Learning over Time. The Elementary School Journal, 122(1), 57–85. https://doi.org/10.1086/715480
Torphy, K. T., & Drake, C. (2019). Educators Meet the Fifth Estate: The Role of Social Media in Teacher Training. Teachers College Record, 121(14), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811912101406
Torphy, K. T., Brandon, D. L., Daly, A. J., Frank, K. A., Greenhow, C., Hu, S., & Rehm, M. (2020). Social Media, Education, and Digital Democratization. Teachers College Record, 122(6), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146812012200601
Singer, N. (2021, March 17). Learning Apps Have Boomed in the Pandemic. Now Comes the Real Test. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/17/technology/learning-apps-students.html
Shelton, C. C., & Archambault, L. M. (2019). Who Are Online Teacherpreneurs and What Do They Do? A Survey of Content Creators on TeachersPayTeachers.com. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 51(4), 398–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2019.1666757
Shelton, C., & Archambault, L. (2018). Discovering How Teachers Build Virtual Relationships and Develop as Professionals through Online Teacherpreneurship. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 29(4), 579–602.
Rosenberg, J. M., Borchers, C., Dyer, E. B., Anderson, D., & Fischer, C. (2021). Understanding Public Sentiment About Educational Reforms: The Next Generation Science Standards on Twitter. AERA Open, 7, 23328584211024260. https://doi.org/10.1177/23328584211024261
Rehm, M., & Notten, A. (2016). Twitter as an Informal Learning Space for Teachers!? The Role of Social Capital in Twitter Conversations Among Teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 60, 215–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.08.015
Rehm, M., Manca, S., Brandon, D. L., & Greenhow, C. (2019). Beyond Disciplinary Boundaries: Mapping Educational Science in the Discourse on Social Media. Teachers College Record, 121(14), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811912101403
Rehm, M., Cornelissen, F., Daly, A. J., & García, M. D. F. (2020). Drinking from the Firehose: The Structural and Cognitive Dimensions of Sharing Information on Twitter. American Journal of Education, 127(1), 77–105. https://doi.org/10.1086/711014
Phillips, M., Lorenz, T., Bernard, T. S., & Friedman, G. (2021, February 7). The Hopes That Rose and Fell With GameStop. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/07/business/gamestop-stock-losses.html
Opfer, V. D., Kaufman, J. H., & Thompson, L. E. (2017). Implementation of K–12 State Standards for Mathematics and English Language Arts and Literacy: Findings from the American Teacher Panel. RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1529-1.html
Nye, B., Konstantopoulos, S., & Hedges, L. V. (2004). How Large Are Teacher Effects? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 26(3), 237–257. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737026003237
Nissenbaum, H. (2018). Respecting Context to Protect Privacy: Why Meaning Matters. Science and Engineering Ethics, 24(3), 831–852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-015-9674-9
Nagler, J., & Tucker, J. A. (2015). Drawing Inferences and Testing Theories with Big Data. PS: Political Science & Politics, 48(1), 84–88. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096514001796
Fundamental topics in machine learning are presented along with theoretical and conceptual tools for the discussion and proof of algorithms.
This graduate-level textbook introduces fundamental concepts and methods in machine learning. It describes several important modern algorithms, provides the theoretical underpinnings of these algorithms, and illustrates key aspects for their application. The authors aim to present novel theoretical tools and concepts while giving concise proofs even for relatively advanced topics.
Foundations of Machine Learning fills the need for a general textbook that also offers theoretical details and an emphasis on proofs. Certain topics that are often treated with insufficient attention are discussed in more detail here; for example, entire chapters are devoted to regression, multi-class classification, and ranking. The first three chapters lay the theoretical foundation for what follows, but each remaining chapter is mostly self-contained. The appendix offers a concise probability review, a short introduction to convex optimization, tools for concentration bounds, and several basic properties of matrices and norms used in the book.
The book is intended for graduate students and researchers in machine learning, statistics, and related areas; it can be used either as a textbook or as a reference text for a research seminar.
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Social Media. In Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/social+media
McFarland, D. A., & McFarland, H. R. (2015). Big Data and the Danger of Being Precisely Inaccurate. Big Data & Society, 2(2), 2053951715602495. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951715602495
Marich, H., Brandon, D., Greenhow, C., & Hartman, D. K. (2021). Eight Tweeters Tweeting: The Writing Processes of Second Graders Composing with Social Media. The Elementary School Journal, 122(1), 26–56. https://doi.org/10.1086/715481
Lynn, C. D. (2019, January 31). Would Our Early Ancestors Have Watched the Super Bowl? Sapiens. https://www.sapiens.org/archaeology/history-of-fire-super-bowl/
Liu, Y., Torphy, K. T., Hu, S., Tang, J., & Chen, Z. (2020). Examining the Virtual Diffusion of Educational Resources across Teachers’ Social Networks over Time. Teachers College Record, 122(6), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146812012200605
Liou, Y.-H., & Daly, A. J. (2020). Investigating Leader Self-Efficacy Through Policy Engagement and Social Network Position. Educational Policy, 34(3), 411–448. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904818773904
Lane, J. L., Boggs, B. J., Chen, Z., & Torphy, K. T. (2019). Conceptualizing Virtual Instructional Resource Enactment in an Era of Greater Centralization, Specification of Quality Instructional Practices, and Proliferation of Instructional Resources. Teachers College Record, 121(14), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811912101408
Krutka, D. G., Manca, S., Galvin, S. M., Greenhow, C., Koehler, M. J., & Askari, E. (2019). Teaching “Against” Social Media: Confronting Problems of Profit in the Curriculum. Teachers College Record, 121(14), 1–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811912101410
Karimi, H., Torphy, K. T., Derr, T., Frank, K. A., & Tang, J. (2020). Characterizing Teacher Connections in Online Social Media: A Case Study on Pinterest. Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 249–252. https://doi.org/10.1145/3386527.3405941